Eversion - the anatomical term of motion denoting the movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane
http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/footmuscles/gastrocnemius/tutorial.html
http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5812/
Also known as triceps surae.
Attaches at posterior side of the condyles of the femur. It is split in the middle. (Codyles have a split, muscle is split in the same place.) Left and right bodies of the muscle attaches to the calcalcaneal tendon. It looks like two separate muscles that rub against each other in the middle. They are fatter in the middle, where the calf bulges.
Origins - Condyles of the femur, posterior surfaces
Insertion- Calcaneal tendon. Calcaneal is a band that begins about half way up the calf that narrows down where it joins the anterior posterior side of the calcaneus.
Actions - Flex the knee (tibiofemoral joint) Contracting the gastrocnemius causes the heel to move posteriorly towards the hamstrings.
Plantar flex the ankle (talcrural joint)
http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/footmuscles/soleus/tutorial.html
http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5815/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soleus_muscle
Origin - Soleal line; proximal half of posterior surface of tibia along the soleal line, proximal 1/3 of posterior fibula
Insertion - Posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon. The soleus lies beneath the tendon in constrast to the Gastrocnemius which lies above
Action - Plantar flex the ankle (talocrural joint). The soleus can't do anything with the knee because the soleus does not attach above the tibiofemoral jiont.
aka Fibularis longus
http://www.innerbody.com/image_musfov/musc61-new.html
http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/footmuscles/fibularislongus/tutorial.html
http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5801/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibularis_longus
Origin - Head of fibula and proximal two-thirds of lateral fibula (i.e. outside edge of top two thirds of fibula)
Insertion - Base of the first metatarsal and medial cuneiform. It wraps around the lateral side of the ankle and beneath the middle of the foot extending to the medial side to reach the first metatarsal and medial. (Note: the bottom end of the muscle looks more like tendon than muscle fiber)
Actions - Evert the foot.
Action - assist to plantar flex the ankle (talocrural joint)
aka fibular brevis
http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/footmuscles/fibularisbrevis/tutorial.html
http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5802/719/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibularis_brevis
Origin - Distal two-thirds of lateral fibula (that is, the lower two thirds of the fibula). Peroneus brevis is deep to the peroneus longus.
Insertion - Peroneus brevis wraps behind the knobby part of the ankle and inserts at the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal.
Action - Same as Peroneus Brevis. Everts the the foot. Assists to plantar flex the ankle.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibialis_anterior_muscle
http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/footmuscles/tibialisanterior/tutorial.html
http://www.innerbody.com/image_musc09/skel28.html
http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5791/711/
Origins - Lateral condyle of tiba; top two-thirds of proximal, lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
Insertion - Medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal
Actions - Inert the foot, dorsiflex the ankle
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensor_digitorum_longus_muscle
http://www.innerbody.com/image_musfov/musc58-new.html
http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/footmuscles/extdigitorumlongus/tutorial.html
Origin - Lateral condyle of tibia and superior three-fourths of anterior surface of fibula. interosseuous membrane.
Insertion - Middle and distal phalanges of digits two through five.
Actions - Extend second through fifth toes (metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints)
Dorsiflex the ankle.
Evert the foot.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensor_hallucis_longus_muscle
http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/footmuscles/exthallucislongus/tutorial.html
http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5794/
Origin - Middle, anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
Insertion - Distal phalanx of the first toe
Action - Muscle is from lateral side to distal medial side. Action is invert the sole of the foot towards the center.
Action - Extend the first toe. (Of course!)
Action - Dorsiflex the ankle
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibialis_posterior_muscle
http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/footmuscles/tibialisposterior/tutorial.html
http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5818/239/
Origin - Proximal, posterior shafts of tibia and fibula, and interosseous membrane
Insertion - All five tarsal bones and bases of second through fourth metatarsals
Note: Muscle begins on lateral side of leg up at proximal end, goes down back of the leg towards the medial side (slanting, like many of the other muscles around this part of the body).
Actions - Plantar flex the ankle (talocrural)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexor_digitorum_longus_muscle
http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/footmuscles/flexordigitorum/tutorial.html
Origin - Medial half of middle posterior surface of tibia
Insertion - distal phalanges two through five
Actions - Flex toes two through five. Plantar flexion of the ankle. Invert the foot.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexor_hallucis_longus_muscle
http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/footmuscles/flexorhallucis/tutorial.html
Origin - Middle half of posterior fibula (distal two thirds of posterior surface of the fibula, next to but not on the interosseous membrane)
Insertion - Distal phalanx of big toe
Action - Flex the first toe!!!! Metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints
Weak plantar flexion of the talocrural joint
Invert the foot.
Plantar Flexion
Dorsi Flexion
Eversion
Inversion
Which of these muscles crosses the tibiofemoral joint?
Gastrocnemius
Which muscles are also known as the triceps surae?
Gastrocnemius (two heads) and Soleus (third head)
What is the strong connective tissue structure on the bottom of the foot called?
Plantar fascia
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