STUDY GUIDE FOR M.A.K., 1 21B Test 1B - Muscles of HIP and THIGH

Know the ORIGINS, INSERTIONS, ACTIONS and how to identify the following muscles.

Hip Flexors

Name -	P	Origins	Insertions	Actions	Other
Iliacus -	Palpable	Origins - Iliac fossa of hip bone	insertions - Anterior side of the Lesser trochanter of femur.	actions - Hip flexion and lateral rotation	Begins across the entire anterior edge of iliac crest. Goes in front the obturator foramen and femoral head. Wikipedia
Psoas Major	Palpable	origins - Anterior surface of L1-L5 transverse processes and vertebral bodies. (pictures show the origin near where transverse process meets vertebral body.)	insertions - Anterior side of Lesser trochanter of femur with Iliacus. Attaches just in front of the iliacus insertion point.	actions - Hip flexion and lateral rotation	Wikipedia
Tensor Fascia Latae	Palpable	origins - Anterior Iliac crest. Just behind where the ASIS meets the iliac crest.	insertions -Iliotibial band The iliotibial band is a thick band of tissue that begins at the iliac crest in the pelvis, runs down the outer part of the thigh, and crosses the knee to attach into the top part of the tibia or shinbone. The iliotibial (IT) band helps stabilize the knee through its range of motion. OnHealth.com Image	actions -Tenses IT band, hip flexion, abduction, and medial rotation	Wikipedia

Gluteal Muscles

Name -	P	Origins	Insertions	Actions	Other
Gluteus Maximus	Palpable	origins -Posterior iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx, and Sacrotuberous ligament	insertions -Iliotibial band and gluteal tuberosity	actions - Hip extension and lateral rotation	Sacrotuberous ligament is a triangle the runs from the side of the sacrum and coccyx down to the ischial tuberosity. Wikipedia
Gluteus Medius	Palpable	origins - Between superior and middle gluteal lines of ilium	insertions -Greater trochanter of femur	actions - Primary action is hip abduction Anterior fibers: Hip flexion and medial rotation Posterior fibers: Hip extension and lateral rotation	Gluteus medius is bigger than the gluteus minimus and is superior to (on top of) the gluteus minimus.
Gluteus Minimus	Not palpable	origins - Between middle and inferior gluteal lines of ilium	insertions - Greater trochanter of femur	actions -Abduction and flexion of the hip	Gluteus minimum is inferior to (lays below) the gluteus medius.

Deep Lateral Rotators of the Hip

Name -

Origins

Insertions

Actions

Notes

Piriformis

palpable

origins - Anterior surface of the sacrum

insertions -Greater trochanter of femur

actions -Abduction and lateral rotation of femur

Piriformis is on a straight line from origin to insertion.

Lies beneath the gluteus maximus. Sciatic nerve runs underneat this muscle. See A pain in the butt

Knee Extensors (Quadriceps)

Name -	P	Origins	Insertions	Actions	Notes
Rectus Femoris	palpable	origins - AIIS of Ilium	insertions -Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon	actions -Extension of the knee and hip flexion	Notes - Wide in the middle. Narrow where it originates and inserts.
Vastus Medialis	palpable	origins - Medial side of femur. Linea aspera of femur	insertions -Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon	actions -Extension of the knee	notes - no notes.
Vastus Intermedius	palpable	origins - Anterior shaft of femur	insertions -Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon	actions -Extension of the knee
Vastus lateralis	palpable	origins - Linea aspera of femur	insertions -Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon	actions -Extension of the knee

Knee Flexors (Hamstrings)

Name -	P	Origins	Insertions	Actions	Notes
Biceps Femoris - GBS	palpable	origins - Long Head: Ischial tuberosity and sacrotuberous ligament Short Head: Linea aspera of femur	insertions -Head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia	actions -Flexion of the knee Extension of the hip	Notes - Sacrotuberous ligament is a triangle the runs from the side of the sacrum and coccyx down to the ischial tuberosity.
Semimembranosis - GBS	palpable	origins - Ischial tuberosity	insertions -Posterior medial condyle of tibia	actions -Flexion of the knee Extension of the hip	notes - Most medial of the hamstrings. semimembranosis is medial to semitendonosis is medial to biceps femoris long head is medial t obiceps femoris short head
Semitendonosis - GBS	palpable	origins - Ischial tuberosity	insertions - Pes Anserinus - just below the anterior medial side of the tibial condyle (also medial to the tibial tuberosity) image (Pes Anserine muscle)	actions -Flexion of the knee Extension of the hip	notes - between semimembranosis and biceps femoris longhead

Knee Flexors (Other)

Name -

Origins

Insertions

Actions

Notes

Sartorius - GBS

palpable

origins - ASIS

insertions - Pes Anserinus - just below the anterior medial side of the tibial condyle (also medial to the tibial tuberosity)
image

anteromedial surface of the upper tibia in the pes anserinus

actions -Flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation of hip

Flexion and medial rotation of knee

Notes - Goes across the vastus medials.

Inserts at same places as the semitendonosis. So maybe the Sartorius helps to flex the knee despite it's anterior position????

Popliteus - GBS

unknown

origin - lateral surface of lateral epicondyle on the femur.

insertion -posterior surface of the body of tibia above the soleal line.

actions -Medial rotation and flexion of knee

notes - no notes

Hip Adductors

Name -	P	Origins	Insertions	Actions	Notes
Pectineus - GBS	not palpable	origins - across most of Pubis	insertions -top two inches or so of Linea aspera of femur	actions -Adduction of the hip	Notes - no notes
Gracilis - GBS	not palpable	origins - Pubis	insertions - Pes Anserinus - just below the anterior medial side of the tibial condyle (also medial to the tibial tuberosity) image	actions -Adduction of the hip	Notes - no notes
Adductor Magnus - GBS	palpable	origins - Pubis to Ischial tuberosity. Originates mostly from the ischium.	insertions -Linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur	actions -Adduction of the hip	Notes -The adductor magnus is a large triangular muscle, situated on the medial side of the thigh.
Adductor Longus - GBS	?? palp	origins - anterior Pubis where pubis meets ischium The adductor longus arises from the superior ramus of the pubis (just below the pubic tuberosity)	insertions -Middle third of the Linea aspera of femur	actions -Adduction of the hip	Notes - no notes
Adductor Brevis - GBS	?? palp	origins - closer to or on the pubic tuberosity. superior to insertion point of adductor longus.	insertions - top third of the Linea aspera of femur	actions -Adduction of the hip	Notes - no notes