From pages 279-283 of Trail Guide
Definition: fossa - a shallow depression or hollow.
Definition: foramen - an opening, hole, or passage, especially in a bone.
Definition: tubercle - a small rounded projection or protuberance, esp. on a bone
Definition: condyle - A rounded prominence at the end of a bone, most often for articulation with another bone.
Definition: epicondyle - A rounded projection at the end of a bone, located on or above a condyle and usually serving as a place of attachment for ligaments and tendons.
Definition: medial – towards the middle
Definition: lateral – towards the outside
Definition: superior – above
Definition: inferior – below
Definition: Lesser – smaller
Definition: Greater – larger
Definition: Ramus - an arm or branch of a bone, in particular those of the ischium and pubes or of the jawbone.
Definition: Articular - of or relating to a joint or the joints.
Definition: Fovea – a small depression
Bony Landmarks of the Pelvis, Thigh, Hip, Sacrum, Coccyx, and Femur
LANDMARK: GLUTEAL SURFACE OF ILIUM
LANDMARK: Pubic Symphysis
LANDMARK: Pubic Crest
LANDMARK: Lateral Sacral Crest
LANDMARK: Median Sacral Crest – Center sacral crest. (Roughly where the spinous processes would be if the sacral crest had spinous processes.
LANDMARK: Ischial spine
LANDMARK: Greater Sciatic Notch
Above the ischial spine is a large notch, the greater sciatic notch, converted into a foramen by the sacrospinous ligament.
LANDMARK: Lesser Sciatic Notch
Below the ischial spine is a small notch, the lesser sciatic notch. The lesser sciatic is converted into a foramen, the lesser sciatic foramen, by the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments, and transmits the tendon of the Obturator internus, the nerve which supplies that muscle, and the internal pudendal vessels and nerve.
LANDMARK: Ischial Tuberosity
LANDMARK: Acetabulum – The hip socket
*** BONY LANDMARKS OF THE HIP ***
LANDMARKS: ILIAC SPINES
Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) – Towards the back, upper part of iliac spine
Posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS) – Towards the back, lower part of iliac spine
Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) – Towards the front, upper part of iliac spine
Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) – Towards the front, lower part of iliac spine
*** From Trail Guide page 281, upper diagram
a) through r) refer to labels in the upper diagram.
a) Iliac Crest
The iliac crest stretches posteriorly from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS). Behind the ASIS, it divides into an outer and inner lip separated by the intermediate zone. The outer lip bulges laterally into the iliac tubercle. Palpable in its entire length, the crest is convex superiorly but is sinuously curved, being concave inward in front, concave outward behind.
The iliac crest is thinner at the center than at the extremities.
b) Iliac fossa. The iliac fossa is a large, smooth, concave surface on the internal surface of the ilium
c) ASIS
d) AIIS
e) Superior ramus of the pubis
The superior pubic ramus is a part of the pubic bone which forms a portion of the obturator foramen.
It extends from the body to the median plane where it articulates with its fellow of the opposite side. It is conveniently described in two portions, viz., a medial flattened part and a narrow lateral prismoid portion.
Compare with inferior ramus of the pubis.
f) Pectineal Line - The pecten pubis or pectineal line of the pubis is a ridge on the superior ramus of the pubic bone.
g) Pubic tubercle -
The pubic tubercle is a prominent forward-projecting tubercle on the upper border of the medial portion of the superior ramus of the pubis. The inguinal ligament attaches to it.The pubic spine is a rough ridge that extend from the pubic tubercle to the upper border of pubic symphysis.
h) Symphyseal surface – anterior surface where pubis and ischium
i) Inferior ramus of the pubis - the inferior pubic ramus is a part of the pelvis and is thin and flat. It passes laterally and downward from the medial end of the superior ramus; it becomes narrower as it descends and joins with the inferior ramus of the ischium below the obturator foramen.
J) PSIS
k) articular surface for sacrum – The portion of the ilium that meets the sacrum at the sacroiliac joint
l) PIIS
m) greater sciatic notch
n) ischial spine – between the greater and lesser sciatic notches
o) lesser sciatic notch
p) obturator foramen - The "hole" made by the ischium and the pubis bone.
q) ischial tuberosity – protrusion on the posterior inferior portion of the ischium. Also known as the sit bone.
r) Ramus of the ischium - the branch of the ischial bone - the portion of the bone that passes forward from the ischial tuberosity to join the inferior ramus of the pubic bone, thus forming the ischiopubic ramus.
*** From Trail Guide page 281, lower diagram
a) Anterior gluteal line -
The anterior gluteal line (middle curved line) refers to bony line on the hip bone. It is the longest of the three gluteal lines, begins at the crest, about 4 cm. behind its anterior extremity, and, taking a curved direction downward and backward, ends at the upper part of the greater sciatic notch.
b) posterior gluteal line – kind of close to the iliach spien
f) inferior gluteal line -
k) iliac crest
l) iliac tubercle - The iliac tubercle is located approximately 5 centimeters or 2 inches posterior to the ASIS on the iliac crest in humans
o) superior ramus of the pubis
q) inferior ramus of the pubis
r) acetabulum – The hip socket
*** LANDMARKS OF THE FEMUS
Trail guide page 283
Head of the femur -
Fovea of the head – The little hole in the medial surface of the head
Neck
Greater trochanter
'
Lesser trochanter
Intertrochanteric line - The intertrochanteric line (or spiral line of the femur ) is a line located on the anterior side of the proximal end of the femur.
Intertrochanteric crest - The intertrochanteric crest is a bony ridge located on the posterior side of the head of the femur, stretching obliquely downward and medially from the summit of the greater trochanter to the lesser trochanter.
Shaft -
Pectineal line - On the posterior surface of the femur, the intermediate ridge or pectineal line is continued to the base of the lesser trochanter and gives attachment to the pectineus muscle.
Gluteal tuberosity – Even with the lesser trochanter. The lateral ridge of the linea aspera is very rough, and runs almost vertically upward to the base of the greater trochanter. It is termed the gluteal tuberosity, and gives attachment to part of the Glutæus maximus: its upper part is often elongated into a roughened crest, on which a more or less well-marked, rounded tubercle, the third trochanter, is occasionally developed..
The linea aspera (L. rough line) is a ridge of roughened surface on the posterior aspect of the femur, to which are attached muscles and intermuscular septum.
Medial lip of linea aspera -
Lateral lip of the linea asper
Medial supracondylar line – medial (towards the inside) supra (above the) condylar
Lateral supracondylar line – lateral (towards the outside) supra (above the) condylar
Medial / lateral epicondyle – EPI -
Medial / later condyle
End of document
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